|
Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the U.S. and as refuse or rubbish in the UK, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. ==Composition== The composition of municipal solid waste varies greatly from municipality to municipality (country to country) and changes significantly with time. In municipalities (countries) which have a well developed waste recycling system, the waste stream consists mainly of intractable wastes such as plastic film, and unrecyclable packaging materials. At the start of the 20th century, the majority of domestic waste (53%) in the UK consisted of coal ash from open fires.〔( Centenary history of waste and waste managers in London and south east England- Page 7 )〕 In developed municipalities (countries) without significant recycling activity it predominantly includes food wastes, market wastes, yard wastes, plastic containers and product packaging materials, and other miscellaneous solid wastes from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources.〔(Non-hazardous Waste ) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Solid Waste〕 Most definitions of municipal solid waste do not include industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, medical waste, radioactive waste or sewage sludge.〔(Municipal Solid Waste ) U.S. Energy Information Administration〕 Waste collection is performed by the municipality within a given area. The term ''residual waste'' relates to waste left from household sources containing materials that have not been separated out or sent for reprocessing.〔(Mechanical Biological Treatment ) Welsh Assembly (2005) Mechanical Biological Treatment, Environment Countryside and Planning Website, Welsh Assembly〕 Waste can be classified in several ways but the following list represents a typical classification: *Biodegradable waste: food and kitchen waste, green waste, paper (can also be recycled). *Recyclable material: paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, certain plastics, fabrics, clothes, batteries etc. *Inert waste: construction and demolition waste, dirt, rocks, debris. *Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE) - electrical appliances, TVs, computers, screens, etc. *Composite wastes: waste clothing, Tetra Packs, waste plastics such as toys. *Hazardous waste including most paints, chemicals, light bulbs, fluorescent tubes, spray cans, fertilizer and containers *Toxic waste including pesticide, herbicides, fungicides *Medical waste. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「municipal solid waste」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|